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The United States federal government (in comparison to the separate states) applies the death penalty for crimes: treason, terrorism, espionage, federal murder, large-scale drug trafficking, and attempting to kill a witness, juror, or court officer in certain cases. Military law allows execution of soldiers for several crimes. Executions by the federal government have been rare compared to those by state governments. Twenty-six federal (including military) executions have been carried out since 1950. Three of those (none of them military) have occurred in the modern post-''Gregg'' era. This list only includes those executed under federal jurisdiction. The Federal Bureau of Prisons manages the housing and execution of federal death row prisoners. , fifty-nine people are on the federal death row for men at the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana; while the two women on the federal death row are at Federal Medical Center, Carswell in Fort Worth, Texas.〔(Federal Death Row Prisoners ), Death Penalty Information Center, January 19, 2014〕 ==History== (詳細はCrimes Act of 1790 created six capital offenses: treason, counterfeiting, three variations of piracy or felonies on the high seas, and aiding the escape of a capital prisoner.〔Crimes Act of 1790, ch. 9, §§ 1, 3, 8–10, 14, 23, 1 Stat. 112, 112–15, 117.〕 The use of the death penalty in U.S. territories was handled by federal judges and the U.S. Marshal Service. The capital punishment was halted in 1972 after the ''Furman v. Georgia'' decision, but was once again permitted under the ''Gregg v. Georgia'' decision in 1976. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 restored the death penalty under federal law for drug offenses and some types of murder.〔(, ) 〕 U.S. President Bill Clinton signed the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, expanding the federal death penalty in 1994.〔, 〕 In response to the Oklahoma City bombing, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 was passed in 1996. Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute became the only federal prison to execute people and one of only two prisons to hold federally condemned people. Pre-Furman executions by the federal government were normally carried out within the prison system of the state where the crime was committed. Only in cases where the crime was committed in a territory, in the District of Columbia or in a state without the death penalty was it the norm for the court to designate the state in which the death penalty would be carried out, as the federal prison system lacked an execution facility. Timothy McVeigh was executed on June 11, 2001, for his involvement in the Oklahoma City bombing. It was the first federal execution since 1963. Other executions by the United States include Juan Raul Garza on June 19, 2001, and Louis Jones Jr. on March 18, 2003. Sentences of death are now handed down by the jury, and the jury's decision is read and approved or disapproved by the judge. No recommendation for the death penalty from a jury has yet been refused by the judge at sentencing. As of May 14, 2010, 52 male federal death row prisoners were housed at United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute.〔"(The Bureau Celebrates 80th Anniversary )." Federal Bureau of Prisons. May 14, 2010. Retrieved on October 3, 2010.〕 As of 2010, the two women on federal death row, Angela Johnson and Lisa M. Montgomery, are held at Federal Medical Center, Carswell.〔"(DAVID PAUL HAMMER, PETITIONER v. JOHN D. ASHCROFT, ET AL. )." U.S. Department of Justice. 14 (18/30). Retrieved on December 15, 2010. "If a media-access policy were to cover the two female death-sentenced inmates in the federal system, it would have to be issued by the warden at the Federal Medical Center in Carswell, Texas, where they are housed."〕〔"(Lisa M Montgomery )." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on October 3, 2010.〕〔"(Angela Johnson )." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on October 14, 2010.〕 Two people have been re-sentenced since 1976 to life in prison and one had the sentence commuted to life in prison by President Bill Clinton in 2001. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Capital punishment by the United States federal government」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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